Table 1 Maternal and obstetric characteristics according to umbilical artery Doppler studies
From: Significance of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler studies in normally grown fetuses
| Characteristics | Total N = 2744 | No (%) in group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal UADS N = 2646 | Abnormal UADS N = 98 | |||
| Maternal age, mean (standard deviation) | 28.8 (6.6) | 28.7 (6.6) | 29.7 (6.7) | NS * |
| Race (%) | < 0.05 § | |||
| White | 904 | 881 (33.3) | 23 (23.5) | |
| African-American | 1422 | 1356 (51.3) | 66 (67.4) | |
| Hispanic | 70 | 69 (2.6) | 1 (1.0) | |
| Asian | 231 | 226 (8.5) | 5 (5.1) | |
| Other | 117 | 114 (4.3) | 3 (.3.1) | |
| 17 missing | ||||
| Parity (%) | NS § | |||
| Nulliparous | 1246 | 1202 (45.4) | 44 (44.9) | |
| Primiparas | 839 | 813 (30.7) | 26 (26.5) | |
| Parity = 2 | 344 | 327 (12.4) | 17 (17.4) | |
| Parity = 3 | 181 | 174 (6.6) | 7 (7.1) | |
| Parity > 3 | 134 | 130 (4.9) | 4 (4.1) | |
| Hypertension (%) | < 0.001 § | |||
| None | 2304 | 2234 (84.4) | 70 (71.4) | |
| Chronic | 186 | 175 (6.6) | 11 (11.2) | |
| Gestational | 103 | 100 (3.8) | 3 (3.1) | |
| Superimposed | 42 | 37 (1.4) | 5 (5.1) | |
| Preeclampsia | 109 | 100 (3.8) | 9 (9.2) | |
| Diabetes (%) | NS § | |||
| None | 2321 | 2244 (84.8) | 77 (78.6) | |
| Chronic | 138 | 129 (4.9) | 9 (9.2) | |
| Gestational | 285 | 273 (10.3) | 12 (12.2) | |
| Gestational age at delivery, median (IQR) | 39.1 (38–40) | 39.1 (38.1–40) | 38.6 (37.3–39.7) | < 0.001 ¶ |
| Fetal gender (%) | NS § | |||
| Male | 1409 | 1361 (51.4) | 48 (49) | |
| Female | 1335 | 1285 (48.6) | 50 (51) | |
| Low-lying placenta (%) | NS § | |||
| No | 2649 | 2556 (96.6) | 93 (94.9) | |
| Yes | 95 | 90 (3.4) | 5 (5.1) | |
| Placenta previa (%) | < 0.05 § | |||
| No | 2730 | 2634 (99.6) | 96 (98.0) | |
| Yes | 14 | 12 (0.4) | 2 (2.0) | |
| PPROM (%) | NS § | |||
| No | 2669 | 2574 (97.3) | 95 (96.9) | |
| Yes | 75 | 72 (2.7) | 3 (3.1) | |
| Smoker (%) | NS § | |||
| No | 2578 | 2489 (94.1) | 89 (90.8) | |
| Yes | 166 | 157 (5.9) | 9 (9.2) | |
| Delivery mode (%) | NS § | |||
| Vaginal Delivery | 1501 | 1454 (55.0) | 47 (48.0) | |
| Operative | 251 | 241 (9.1) | 10 (10.2) | |
| Primary CS | 601 | 575 (21.7) | 26 (26.5) | |
| Repeated CS | 391 | 376 (14.2) | 15 (15.3) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (%) | NS § | |||
| Underweight | 135 | 130 (4.9) | 5 (5.1) | |
| Normal | 1193 | 1151 (43.5) | 42 (42.9) | |
| Overweight | 547 | 533 (20.1) | 14 (14.3) | |
| Obese | 869 | 832 (31.4) | 37 (37.8) | |
| 138 missing | ||||